Different lasers are used based on needs. Currently, options include UV lasers, CO2 lasers, green lasers, and picosecond lasers. 

Naturally, the prices vary greatly. In terms of overall cost-effectiveness, UV lasers and green lasers are the current mainstream choices.

UV laser cutting machines used for PCB singulation typically have a low thickness limit, generally not exceeding 1mm. 

Green lasers are primarily chosen for their high power, making them suitable for laser separation of PCBs thicker than 1mm.

The greatest advantages of laser separation machines lie in their cutting efficiency and effectiveness. 

The cutting edges are free of carbonization and burrs, and they feature an adsorption function that ensures a dust-free and smoke-free process.

The lasers employ a non-contact processing method, resulting in minimal thermal shock and no damage to the substrate or the base plates of active components, with no stress induced. CCD positioning and computer-controlled automatic cutting also enable automatic loading and unloading functions. This maximizes equipment production efficiency and reduces labor costs.

Of course, the disadvantages of laser cutting machines are also evident, and they come with a high price tag. 

As of September 2016, the latest quoted price for TopYin Optoelectronics' UV laser PCB separation machine ranged from 400,000 to 800,000 yuan (depending on accessories and laser power), which is quite high for initial investment costs. However, TopYin Optoelectronics now offers installment payment options for its PCB laser cutting machines, alleviating some of the pressure on initial investment costs.

On the other hand, other PCB separation equipment such as curved blade separators, routing machines, guillotine cutters, punching machines, manual push separators, and milling machines have the drawback of being contact processing methods that can induce stress and damage the base material. The cut edges may have burrs, and they generate a significant amount of dust, which is not conducive to sustainability and environmental protection goals.

Of course, the investment costs for these modes are relatively lower. However, ultimately, the choice of equipment should be based on specific needs. For example, if your processing volume only meets a small part of your production demand, there is no need to purchase high-quality equipment. You can take your time and use a manual push separator. But if you have high-quality requirements and large-scale production needs, a laser separation machine may be a good choice.